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PRAYERS THAT MUST BE PERFORMED IN ORDER
Ruling 742. One must perform the ʿaṣr prayer after the ẓuhr prayer, and the ʿishāʾ prayer after the maghrib prayer. If someone intentionally performs ʿaṣr before ẓuhr or ʿishāʾ before maghrib, the prayer is invalid.
Ruling 743. If a person starts to perform prayers with the intention of the ẓuhr prayer and while performing it realises that he has already performed the ẓuhr prayer, he cannot change his intention to the ʿaṣr prayer. Instead, he must break his prayer and perform the ʿaṣr prayer. The same applies to maghrib and ʿishāʾ prayers.
Ruling 744. If a person becomes certain during the ʿaṣr prayer that he has not performed the ẓuhr prayer and he changes his intention to the ẓuhr prayer, in the event that he remembers that he has actually performed the ẓuhr prayer, he can revert his intention to the ʿaṣr prayer and complete the prayer provided that he has not performed any obligatory components of the prayer with the intention of the ẓuhr prayer; if he has, he must perform them again with the intention of the ʿaṣr prayer. However, if the act is an obligatory component of the rakʿah, his prayer in both cases is invalid. Similarly, if the act is a rukūʿ, or two sajdahs in one rakʿah, then based on obligatory precaution, his prayer is invalid.
Ruling 745. If a person doubts during the ʿaṣr prayer whether he has performed the ẓuhr prayer or not, he must complete the prayer with the intention of the ʿaṣr prayer and after that perform the ẓuhr prayer. However, if the time is so little that after completing the ʿaṣr prayer the time for prayers ends and there is not enough time remaining to perform even one rakʿah, it is not necessary to make up the ẓuhr prayer.
Ruling 746. If a person doubts during the ʿishāʾ prayer whether he has performed the maghrib prayer or not, he must complete the prayer with the intention of the ʿishāʾ prayer and after that perform the maghrib prayer. However, if the time is so little that after completing the prayer the time for prayers ends and there is not enough time remaining to perform even one rakʿah, it is not necessary to make up the maghrib prayer.
Ruling 747. If a person doubts during the ʿishāʾ prayer after reaching the rukūʿ of the fourth rakʿah whether he has performed the maghrib prayer or not, he must complete the prayer and after that perform the maghrib prayer provided that there is enough time remaining to do so.
Ruling 748. If a person performs a prayer and then performs it again as a precautionary measure, and during the prayer he remembers that he has not performed the prayer that was necessary for him to perform before it, he cannot change his intention to that prayer. For example, if when he performs the ʿaṣr prayer as a precautionary measure he remembers he has not performed the ẓuhr prayer, he cannot change his intention to the ẓuhr prayer.
Ruling 749. Changing one’s intention from a qaḍāʾ prayer to an adāʾ prayer, or from a recommended prayer to an obligatory prayer, is not permitted.
Ruling 750. If there is ample time for an adāʾ prayer, one can, during the prayer – in the event that he remembers he has an outstanding qaḍāʾ prayer to perform – change his intention to the qaḍāʾ prayer. However, [for this to be valid,] it must be possible to change the intention to a qaḍāʾ prayer; for example, if he has started to perform the ẓuhr prayer, he can change his intention to a qaḍāʾ ṣubḥ prayer only if he has not yet reached the rukūʿ of the third rakʿah.
RECOMMENDED (MUSTAḤABB) PRAYERS →
← LAWS RELATING TO THE TIME OF PRAYERS
Ruling 743. If a person starts to perform prayers with the intention of the ẓuhr prayer and while performing it realises that he has already performed the ẓuhr prayer, he cannot change his intention to the ʿaṣr prayer. Instead, he must break his prayer and perform the ʿaṣr prayer. The same applies to maghrib and ʿishāʾ prayers.
Ruling 744. If a person becomes certain during the ʿaṣr prayer that he has not performed the ẓuhr prayer and he changes his intention to the ẓuhr prayer, in the event that he remembers that he has actually performed the ẓuhr prayer, he can revert his intention to the ʿaṣr prayer and complete the prayer provided that he has not performed any obligatory components of the prayer with the intention of the ẓuhr prayer; if he has, he must perform them again with the intention of the ʿaṣr prayer. However, if the act is an obligatory component of the rakʿah, his prayer in both cases is invalid. Similarly, if the act is a rukūʿ, or two sajdahs in one rakʿah, then based on obligatory precaution, his prayer is invalid.
Ruling 745. If a person doubts during the ʿaṣr prayer whether he has performed the ẓuhr prayer or not, he must complete the prayer with the intention of the ʿaṣr prayer and after that perform the ẓuhr prayer. However, if the time is so little that after completing the ʿaṣr prayer the time for prayers ends and there is not enough time remaining to perform even one rakʿah, it is not necessary to make up the ẓuhr prayer.
Ruling 746. If a person doubts during the ʿishāʾ prayer whether he has performed the maghrib prayer or not, he must complete the prayer with the intention of the ʿishāʾ prayer and after that perform the maghrib prayer. However, if the time is so little that after completing the prayer the time for prayers ends and there is not enough time remaining to perform even one rakʿah, it is not necessary to make up the maghrib prayer.
Ruling 747. If a person doubts during the ʿishāʾ prayer after reaching the rukūʿ of the fourth rakʿah whether he has performed the maghrib prayer or not, he must complete the prayer and after that perform the maghrib prayer provided that there is enough time remaining to do so.
Ruling 748. If a person performs a prayer and then performs it again as a precautionary measure, and during the prayer he remembers that he has not performed the prayer that was necessary for him to perform before it, he cannot change his intention to that prayer. For example, if when he performs the ʿaṣr prayer as a precautionary measure he remembers he has not performed the ẓuhr prayer, he cannot change his intention to the ẓuhr prayer.
Ruling 749. Changing one’s intention from a qaḍāʾ prayer to an adāʾ prayer, or from a recommended prayer to an obligatory prayer, is not permitted.
Ruling 750. If there is ample time for an adāʾ prayer, one can, during the prayer – in the event that he remembers he has an outstanding qaḍāʾ prayer to perform – change his intention to the qaḍāʾ prayer. However, [for this to be valid,] it must be possible to change the intention to a qaḍāʾ prayer; for example, if he has started to perform the ẓuhr prayer, he can change his intention to a qaḍāʾ ṣubḥ prayer only if he has not yet reached the rukūʿ of the third rakʿah.
