Issue 11: Wuḍū consists of six parts:
1. Washing the face: In wuḍū, it is obligatory to wash from the top of the forehead (where the hair usually grows) to the bottom of the chin in length, and in terms of width, the area covered between the middle finger and the thumb when the face is washed with an open hand should be washed.
Issue 12: As a precautionary measure, it is obligatory to wash the face from top to bottom. If the face is washed from the bottom or the middle, the wuḍū would be problematic. However, it is not necessary to be extremely precise in washing the face; it is sufficient to pour water on the top of the face and let it flow to the sides, even if it forms a curved line.
Issue 13: The water must be poured on the face with the intention of wuḍū, and it does not matter how the water is poured on the face. Whether the water is poured on the face with the palm and spread by rubbing, or the face is placed under a tap and water runs from top to bottom, or the face is immersed in a basin of water, as long as the face is washed from top to bottom.
Issue 14: It is obligatory that water reach the intended part of the face without any obstruction. However, a person with a bandage is an exception; for someone with a wound, sore, or fracture covered with a bandage, it is sufficient to wipe the bandage with a wet hand instead of washing the covered part. It is not necessary to remove the bandage if it causes harm or extreme hardship.
2. Washing the right arm: The area to be washed extends from the elbow (the joint connecting the upper arm and the forearm) to the fingertips.
Issue 15: Washing the hand must start from the elbow and end at the fingertips. Starting from the fingers or the middle of the hand towards the elbow is not permissible.
Issue 16: The water must be poured on the hand with the intention of wuḍū, using any of the methods mentioned for washing the face. It is also obligatory that water reaches the skin of the hand without any obstruction. Therefore, a woman using nail polish for adornment, a worker using oil, or a painter with paint on his hands must ensure that anything preventing water from reaching the hands is removed before performing wuḍū. A person with a bandage on his right hand is an exception, similar to the rule for washing the face.
3. Washing the left arm: The left arm should be washed in the same way as the right arm as mentioned above.
4. Wiping the front part of the head: The area extends from the top of the head to the top of the forehead. It is sufficient to wipe an area as wide as one finger, although it is better to wipe an area as wide as three closed fingers.
Issue 17: It is not obligatory to wipe the skin of the head; it is permissible to wipe the hair in that area as long as the hair does not extend beyond the front part of the head when combed or pulled.
Issue 18: The wiping must be done with the moisture remaining on the hand from the wuḍū. It is preferable to use the moisture from the palm of the right hand. If the hands are completely dry due to heat or other reasons, it is permissible to take moisture from the beard and use it for wiping. Using new water for wiping is not permissible unless it is impossible to maintain enough moisture for wiping even with repeated wuḍū.
Issue 19: If there is an obstruction between the wiping hand and the part being wiped, the wiping is invalid, even if the obstruction is thin and does not prevent moisture from reaching the wiping area. A person with a bandage is an exception, and wiping over the bandage (jabīra) is sufficient.
5. Wiping the right foot: The obligatory length extends from the tips of the toes to the protrusion on the foot, but as a precautionary measure, it should extend to the ankle (the joint between the leg and the foot). In terms of width, it is sufficient to wipe an area that can be called wiping, even if it is the size of the width of one finger.
Issue 20: Wiping the foot must be done with the moisture remaining from the wuḍū, in the same manner as wiping the head. It is preferable to wipe with the right hand, although wiping with the left hand is also permissible.
Issue 21: If there is an obstruction between the wiping hand and the part being wiped, the wiping is invalid, except if the obstruction is a bandage, as mentioned in the rules regarding wiping the head.
6. Wiping the left foot: The left foot should be wiped in the same way as the right foot, and it is preferable to wipe with the left hand, although wiping with the right hand is also permissible.
Issue 22: Conditions for Wuḍū include:
1. Having the intention to perform wuḍū with the intention of complying with Allah's orders.
2. The water for wuḍū must be pure; wuḍū with impure water is invalid.
3. The water for wuḍū must be lawful; wuḍū with usurped water is invalid.
4. The water for wuḍū must be unmixed (not mixed with other substances like rose water).
5. The body parts involved in wuḍū must be pure at the time of washing or wiping.
6. Using water for wuḍū should not be forbidden by religious law; otherwise, tayammum (dry ablution) is obligatory.
7. The order must be followed, starting with washing the face, then the right hand, then the left hand, followed by wiping the head, then wiping the right foot, and then the left foot. As a precaution, the left foot should not be wiped before the right foot, although wiping both feet simultaneously is permissible.
8. The acts of wuḍū should be continuous without long interruptions, and a short delay is acceptable. If an interruption like running out of water or forgetting occurs, the next act should be done before the previous parts dry.
9. The person performing wuḍū must do it himself, but if unable, he may seek assistance for parts he cannot perform. In such cases, the wiping must be done with his own hand, and if this is impossible due to disability, the helper can take moisture from his hand and use it for wiping.
Issue 23: Acts that invalidate wuḍū include:
1. Urination.
2. Defecation.
3. Passing gas from the rear.
4. Sleep that overcomes the senses, making one unable to see, hear, or perceive. Conditions that cause loss of intellect like insanity and unconsciousness are treated like sleep.
5. Menstrual bleeding, which has its own rules as will be mentioned later.
6. Sexual intercourse, which invalidates wuḍū, although only ghusl (ritual bath) is obligatory as will be explained later.
Issue 24: An exception to the invalidation of wuḍū by urination, defecation, or passing gas is in the case of a disease where the person cannot restrain himself. Such a person is called "always impure" (dāʾim al-ḥadath). If these actions occur continuously without enough time for wuḍū and part of the prayer, he should perform wuḍū and pray, ignoring what happens during the prayer due to the illness. This person remains in a state of purity until another invalidating agent occurs.
Issue 25: Performing wuḍū is obligatory for prayer and any act of worship that requires purity from minor impurity. It is impermissible for someone without wuḍū to touch any part of the Quran's script, and as a precaution, he should also avoid touching God’s name (Allah) and His specific attributes.