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B) Menstruation (Hayḍ) →
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A) Janābah >>> Causes of Janābah
Issue 30: Janābah occurs in two ways:
1. Ejaculation of Semen discharged either through sexual intercourse, or nocturnal emission, or otherwise. Semen is a thick, viscous fluid that is typically milky white but can sometimes appear yellowish or greenish. It has a distinct odor similar to dough. It usually exits the body in spurts at the climax of sexual pleasure, followed by a sense of relaxation (1) .
If a fluid exits the body and there is doubt whether it is semen, it is considered semen if it meets all three criteria of pleasure, spurting, and bodily relaxation. If all or some of these signs are not present the fluid will not be treated as semen. For someone who is ill, it is sufficient if the fluid exits with pleasure to be considered semen.
The aforementioned signs apply to men. As for women, the fluid that exits the vagina at the climax of sexual pleasure (orgasm) is also considered semen, whether it exits during sleep or wakefulness.
2. Sexual Intercourse: Janābah is caused by the penetration of the male glans (the head of the penis) into the female vagina or anus, which causes janābah for both partners even if ejaculation does not occur.
Acts Requiring Ghusl Janābah
Issue 31: To perform acts such as prayer, which require purity from major ritual impurity, Ghusl Janābah is obligatory. Several things are prohibited for a person in the state of Janābah:
1. Touching the text of the Holy Quran.
2. Touching the name of Allah and other names and attributes specific to Him, such as Creator, based on obligatory precaution.
3. Reciting verses that require prostration, including verse 15 of Sūrah al-Sajdah, verse 37 of Sūrah Fuṣṣilat, verse 62 of Sūrah an-Najm, and verse 19 of Sūrah al-ʿAlaq.
4. Staying in a mosque or entering it even for placing or taking something. It is also, based on obligatory precaution, not allowed to place something in a mosque while passing through it or from outside the mosque.
A person in Janābah may pass through a mosque by entering from one door and exiting from another, except for Masjid al-Ḥarām and Masjid al-Nabawī, which are prohibited for a person in Janābah to pass through. The holy shrines of the infallibles, peace be upon them, and the those of the Imams (peace be upon them) are, based on obligatory precaution, treated as other mosques.
1. Ejaculation of Semen discharged either through sexual intercourse, or nocturnal emission, or otherwise. Semen is a thick, viscous fluid that is typically milky white but can sometimes appear yellowish or greenish. It has a distinct odor similar to dough. It usually exits the body in spurts at the climax of sexual pleasure, followed by a sense of relaxation (1) .
If a fluid exits the body and there is doubt whether it is semen, it is considered semen if it meets all three criteria of pleasure, spurting, and bodily relaxation. If all or some of these signs are not present the fluid will not be treated as semen. For someone who is ill, it is sufficient if the fluid exits with pleasure to be considered semen.
The aforementioned signs apply to men. As for women, the fluid that exits the vagina at the climax of sexual pleasure (orgasm) is also considered semen, whether it exits during sleep or wakefulness.
2. Sexual Intercourse: Janābah is caused by the penetration of the male glans (the head of the penis) into the female vagina or anus, which causes janābah for both partners even if ejaculation does not occur.
Acts Requiring Ghusl Janābah
Issue 31: To perform acts such as prayer, which require purity from major ritual impurity, Ghusl Janābah is obligatory. Several things are prohibited for a person in the state of Janābah:
1. Touching the text of the Holy Quran.
2. Touching the name of Allah and other names and attributes specific to Him, such as Creator, based on obligatory precaution.
3. Reciting verses that require prostration, including verse 15 of Sūrah al-Sajdah, verse 37 of Sūrah Fuṣṣilat, verse 62 of Sūrah an-Najm, and verse 19 of Sūrah al-ʿAlaq.
4. Staying in a mosque or entering it even for placing or taking something. It is also, based on obligatory precaution, not allowed to place something in a mosque while passing through it or from outside the mosque.
A person in Janābah may pass through a mosque by entering from one door and exiting from another, except for Masjid al-Ḥarām and Masjid al-Nabawī, which are prohibited for a person in Janābah to pass through. The holy shrines of the infallibles, peace be upon them, and the those of the Imams (peace be upon them) are, based on obligatory precaution, treated as other mosques.
(1) Relaxation here means that the body is slackened for a while.
